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SUTURING TECHNIQUES FOR MIDWIVES - INSTITUTIONAL USES
International TV standards for video
All tapes are sold in VHS format (a size standard that is the same worldwide) and are only available in English. All VHS tapes look the same on the outside, but the speed at which the tape runs through the video machine varies according to the types of VCRs sold in different countries. This speed factor is known as the TV standard. My video is currently available in NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) and PAL (Phase Alternative Line) TV standards. There is another standard in use which is known as SECAM (Sequential Color and Memory). SECAM tapes are available by special order only. NTSC versions are in a white box and have a white label on the tape itself stating that the tape is NTSC. PAL versions are designated either by a chartreuse sticker reading PAL on the slip cover or black box or a blue paper slip cover over the tape. All newly produced tapes also have a white label on the front which indicates whether the tape is PAL or NTSC.

SECAM comes in Middle East SECAM and Vertical, also known as French, SECAM and both require unique VCR technology although multi-standard VCRs can handle them if formatted to do so.

France and territories of France typically require Vertical (French) SECAM and everywhere else that uses SECAM usually requires Middle East SECAM.

PAL-M is a derivative of NTSC which uses PAL color and is used only Brazil.

PAL-N is used only in Argentina and is a derivative of regular PAL which uses NTSC color.


A B C D E F G H I J K LM N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
AB
Country Color System
Afghanistan SECAM & PAL
Alaska NTSC
Albania PAL
Algeria PAL
Andorra PAL
Angola PAL
Antarctica NTSC
Antigua & Barbuda NTSC
Argentina PAL
Armenia SECAM (Vertical)
Aruba NTSC
Australia PAL
Austria PAL
Azerbaijan SECAM (Vertical)
Azores PAL
Country Color System
Bahamas NTSC
Bahrain PAL
Bangladesh PAL
Barbados NTSC
Belgium PAL
Belize NTSC
Benin SECAM (Vertical)
Bermuda island NTSC
Bhutan -
Bolivia NTSC
Bosnia PAL
Botswana SECAM (Vertical)
Brazil PAL
British Indian Ocean Territory NTSC
Brunei PAL
Bulgaria SECAM (Vertical)
Burkina Faso SECAM (Vertical)
Burma NTSC
Burundi SECAM (Vertical)
Byelarus SECAM (Vertical)
C
Country Color System
Cayman Island NTSC
Camaroon PAL
Canada NTSC
Canary Island Pal
Cape Verde -
Central African Republic SECAM (Vertical)
Chad SECAM (Vertical)
Chile NTSC
China (Peoples Rep.) PAL
Columbia NTSC
Comoros -
Congo SECAM (Vertical)
Cook Island PAL
Costa Rica NTSC
Crete PAL
Croatia  PAL
Cuba NTSC
Cyprus PAL
Czech SECAM (Vertical)

D E F
Country Color System
Denmark PAL
Djibouti SECAM (Vertical)
Dominica NTSC
Ecuador NTSC
Eqypt PAL
El Salvador NTSC
Equatorial Guinea SECAM (Vertical)
Estonia SECAM & PAL
Ethiopia PAL
Falkland Islands PAL
Faroe Island PAL
Fiji NTSC
Finland PAL
France SECAM (Vertical)

G
Country Color System
Gabon SECAM (Vertical)
Gambia PAL
Georgia SECAM (Vertical)
Germany PAL
Ghana PAL
Gibralta PAL
Gilbert Islands -
Greece SECAM (Vertical)
Greenland PAL
Greenland US Airforce Base NTSC
Grenada NTSC
Guadeloupe SECAM (Vertical)
Guam NTSC
Guatemala NTSC
Guinea PAL
Guinea Bissau -
Guyana NTSC
Guyana (French) SECAM (Vertical)

H I J
Country Color System
Haiti NTSC
Hawaii NTSC
Honduras NTSC
Hong Kong PAL
Hungary PAL
Iceland PAL
India PAL
Indonesia PAL
Iran SECAM (Vertical)
Iraq SECAM (Vertical)
Ireland PAL
Israel PAL
Italy PAL
Ivory Coast SECAM (Vertical)
Jamaica NTSC
Japan NTSC
Johnston Island NTSC
Jordan PAL

K L
Country Color System
Kampuchea PAL
Kazakhstan SECAM (Vertical)
Kenya PAL
Korea (North) PAL & NTSC
Korea (South) NTSC
Kuwait PAL
Kyrgyzstan SECAM (Vertical)
Laos PAL
Latvia SECAM (Vertical)
Lebanon SECAM (Vertical)
Lesotho PAL
Liberia PAL
Libya PAL
Lithuania SECAM (Vertical)
Luxembourg SECAM & PAL

M
Country Color System
Macao PAL
Macedonia PAL
Madagascar SECAM (Vertical)
Madaira PAL
Malawi PAL
Malaysia PAL
Maldives PAL
Mali SECAM (Vertical)
Malta PAL
Marshall Islands NTSC
Martinique SECAM (Vertical)
Mauritania SECAM (Vertical)
Mauritius SECAM (Vertical)
Mayotte SECAM (Vertical)
Mexico NTSC
Micronesia NTSC
Midway Island NTSC
Moldava SECAM (Vertical)
Monaco SECAM & PAL
Mongolia SECAM (Vertical)
Montserrat NTSC
Morocco SECAM (Vertical)
Mozambique PAL
Mynmar NTSC

N O P Q R
Country Color System
Nambia PAL
Nepal PAL
Netherlands PAL
Netherlands Antilles NTSC
New Caledonia SECAM (Vertical)
New Zealand PAL
Nicaragua NTSC
Niger SECAM (Vertical)
Nigeria PAL
Norfolk Island PAL
Northern Marina Islands NTSC
Norway PAL
Okinawa NTSC
Oman PAL
Pakistan PAL
Palau NTSC
Panama NTSC
Papua New Guinea PAL
Paraguay PAL
Peru NTSC
Philippines NTSC
Poland PAL
Polynesia (French) SECAM (Vertical)
Portugal PAL
Puerto Rico NTSC
Quatar PAL
Reunion SECAM (Vertical)
Romania PAL
Russia SECAM (Vertical)
Rwanda -

S
Country Color System
Salomon Islands -
Samoa (American) NTSC
Samoa (Western) PAL
Sao Tome PAL
Saudi Arabia SECAM & PAL
Senegal SECAM (Vertical)
Seychelles Island PAL
Sierra Leone PAL
Singapore PAL
Slovakia SECAM & PAL
Slovenia PAL
Somalia PAL
South Africa PAL
Spain PAL
Sri Lanka PAL
St. Grenadines NTSC
St. Lucia NTSC
St. Marino PAL
St. Pierre Miquelon SECAM (Vertical)
St. Vincent NTSC
St. Kitts NTSC
Sudan PAL
Swaziland PAL
Sweden PAL
Switzerland PAL
Syria PAL

T U
Country Color System
Tahiti SECAM (Vertical)
Taiwan NTSC
Tajikistan SECAM (Vertical)
Tanzania PAL
Thailand PAL
Togo SECAM (Vertical)
Tonga NTSC
Trinidad & Tabago NTSC
Tunesia SECAM (Vertical)
Turkey PAL
Turkmenistan SECAM (Vertical)
Uganda PAL
Ukraine SECAM (Vertical)
United Arab Emirates PAL
United Kingdom PAL
Uruguay PAL
USA NTSC
Uzbekistan SECAM (Vertical)

V W X Y Z
Country Color System
Vanuatu -
Venezuela NTSC
Vietnam SECAM & NTSC
Virgin Island (American) NTSC
Virgin Island (British) NTSC
Wallis & Futuna SECAM (Vertical)
Western Sahara -
Yemen SECAM & NTSC
Yugoslavia PAL
Zaire SECAM (Vertical)
Zambia PAL
Zanzibar PAL
Zimbabwe PAL


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